Anemia is highly prevalent in CKD and worsens with disease progression, significantly impacting cardiovascular risk, quality of life, and patient outcomes.^[1] Iron deficiency should be assessed using TSAT and ferritin, with absolute deficiency defined as TSAT <20% with ferritin <100 µg/L in non-dialysis CKD or <200 µg/L in hemodialysis, while functional deficiency presents with TSAT <20% and elevated ferritin. Maintain Hb at 10–12 g/dL and avoid Hb >12 g/dL to reduce cardiovascular and stroke risk.^[2] IV iron is preferred in dialysis, while oral iron remains an option in non-dialysis CKD. ESAs remain central, with darbepoetin offering longer-acting, less frequent dosing. HIF-PHIs effectively raise Hb but require vigilant safety monitoring. Darbepoetin is an important ESA choice in ND CKD and dialysis.^[3]