Cancer-related anemia is a common complication associated with malignancy, chemotherapy, inflammation, and chronic kidney disease.^[1] Effective management requires identifying the underlying cause, assessing iron status, and distinguishing absolute from functional iron deficiency. Treatment strategies include intravenous (IV) iron supplementation, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), vitamin B12 or folate replacement, and red blood cell transfusion when clinically indicated. Understanding the appropriate use of IV iron and ESAs can help improve hemoglobin levels, optimize treatment response, reduce transfusion requirements, and support individualized anemia management in patients with cancer.^[2]